Adapted conversation patterns that proficient speakers use in addressing language learners so that the learner will be able to understand. Example: clarification requests.

• A. Modified interaction
• B. Simplified discourse
• C. Negotiated interaction
• D. Targeted feedback

Answer: (A)

Adjusting conversation patterns to help language learners understand is the concept being tested. This is called modified interaction. Proficient speakers adapt their speech in real time—speaking more slowly, using simpler vocabulary, rephrasing, repeating, or giving examples—so the learner can grasp the message more easily. Clarification requests are a concrete example of this approach: when a learner signals confusion, the speaker responds by clarifying or reformulating, creating a clearer, more comprehensible chunk of talk. This kind of adaptation is broader than just negotiating meaning, though that process can occur within it. It’s also broader than simply simplifying the entire discourse or focusing only on corrective feedback. The key idea is the speaker’s active modification of interaction to support understanding in the moment.