Fossilisation stands for three stages of a class: Authentic Use, Restricted Use, and Clarification and Focus.

• A. Authentic Use; Restricted Use; Clarification and Focus
• B. Advanced Usage; Reduced Use; Clarification and Framing
• C. Academic Use; Routine Use; Formal Focus
• D. Actual Use; Rehearsed Use; Clear Focus

Answer: (A)

A three-stage progression describes how learners move from real, meaningful language use to more controlled practice and finally to explicit form work. In the first stage, Authentic Use, students engage in genuine communication and tasks that resemble real-life purposes for the language. This helps language come out naturally and fluently in context. In the second stage, Restricted Use, practice is narrowed to more guided or limited situations, allowing targeted feedback and error awareness without overwhelming learners. In the final stage, Clarification and Focus, attention shifts to language form—rules, structures, pronunciation—so learners can correct recurrent issues and solidify accuracy. This exact sequence—Authentic Use, Restricted Use, and Clarification and Focus—matches the model described, making it the best choice. Other option sets use terms that don’t align with this staging and aren’t used in this framework, so they don’t fit as well.