What are back-channelling signals?

• A. Nonverbal signals
• B. Verbal signals such as really, uh-huh
• C. Written responses
• D. Paralinguistic cues only

Answer: (B)

Back-channeling signals are the listener’s quick responses that show they’re following along and help keep the conversation flowing without taking over the speaker’s turn. Verbal cues like “really,” “uh-huh,” or “I see” are classic examples because they are spoken right while the other person is talking, signaling engagement, understanding, or clarification needs. While nonverbal signals (nodding, facial expressions) also convey support, back-channeling as a concept is most often taught through these short verbal interjections that provide immediate feedback. Written responses aren’t part of real-time back-channeling, and limiting back-channeling to paralinguistic cues only would miss the actual spoken feedback people use in everyday dialogue.