What is the term for the systematic study of a pair of languages to identify their structural differences and similarities?

• A. Contextual Clues
• B. Context of Use
• C. Contrastive Analysis
• D. Discourse Competence

Answer: (C)

Contrastive analysis is the systematic study of two languages to identify their structural differences and similarities. This approach compares elements like phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary to spot where learners may experience transfer or interference from their first language. By mapping these similarities and differences, educators can predict potential difficulties and design materials that address those specific transfer points.

Contextual clues and context of use focus on meaning and how language is used in real situations, not on comparing language systems. Discourse competence deals with producing and understanding extended language in social context. None of those involve the formal comparison of two languages’ structures in the way contrastive analysis does.