Which cognitive activity changes how information is organized in the brain without adding new information?

• A. Restructuring
• B. Subtractive bilingualism
• C. Structural grading
• D. Segmental

Answer: (A)

Restructuring focuses on how information is organized inside the mind. It’s about rearranging existing knowledge into a new pattern or framework without adding any new facts or content. When you restructure, you’re changing the mental map—the way ideas are connected, categorized, or linked—so you can see relationships more clearly or approach problems from a different angle. This shift in organization can make retrieval more efficient and understanding deeper, even though nothing new has been learned.

That’s why it’s the best fit for the prompt: it explicitly describes changing how information is organized without introducing new information.

The other terms don’t describe this process. Subtractive bilingualism refers to losing a second language over time, which is about language attrition rather than reorganizing knowledge. Structural grading and segmental aren’t standard ways to name a cognitive activity that reorganizes existing information in memory.