Which language is described as non-pro-drop in the material?

• A. English
• B. Spanish
• C. Italian
• D. Japanese

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is pro-drop versus non-pro-drop behavior, which is about whether a language often drops the subject pronoun in a sentence. In non-pro-drop languages, the subject pronoun is usually required in finite clauses, because the verb form alone doesn’t reliably indicate the subject. English fits this description in the material, so you typically need to include the subject: for example, “I am here,” “She arrived,” or “They are ready.”

By contrast, Spanish and Italian often omit the subject pronoun because their verb endings carry clear information about who is performing the action, so you can say “Estoy cansado” or “Sono stanco” without the explicit “yo” or “io.” Japanese frequently drops the subject as well, relying on context, so it’s highly pro-drop. This context helps explain why English is identified as non-pro-drop in the material.