Which learning assessment involves observing learners during activities and using gathered data to evaluate them rather than relying solely on tests?

• A. Informal assessment
• B. Formative assessment
• C. Summative assessment
• D. Diagnostic assessment

Answer: (A)

Observing learners during activities and using the data you gather to judge their abilities without relying on formal tests is informal assessment. It focuses on natural, in-the-moment observations of performance in real tasks, often using simple tools like checklists or quick rubrics to record what students can do, how they think, and where they struggle. This approach gives teachers a practical read on understanding and skills as they actually appear in class, so instruction can be adjusted right away.

Formative assessment also uses ongoing data to guide teaching, but it tends to be more structured and may include quizzes or specific prompts designed to measure progress. Summative assessment happens after learning to assign a grade, typically through formal tests. Diagnostic assessment is used before instruction to identify strengths and gaps.