Which scoring method assigns a single overall score to a writing or speaking sample based on global impression?

• A. Analytic scoring
• B. Holistic scoring
• C. Criterion-based scoring
• D. Incremental scoring

Answer: (B)

Holistic scoring means evaluating a writing or speaking sample with one overall score based on the global impression of the piece. The rater considers how well the entire response communicates its message and achieves its purpose, taking into account flow, coherence, accuracy, and impact together rather than tallying separate parts. This approach is ideal when you want a single measure of overall ability and when quick, consistent judgments are needed across responses.

In contrast, analytic scoring breaks the sample into multiple components—such as grammar, vocabulary, organization, and pronunciation—and assigns each a score before combining them. Criterion-based scoring relies on a fixed rubric with specific criteria and performance levels for each criterion, which produces more diagnostic feedback but not a single global impression. Incremental scoring isn’t typically used for these types of writing or speaking assessments.