Which teaching approach aims to help learners notice how texts are structured and replicate those structures?

• A. Product approaches
• B. Process approaches
• C. Content-based approaches
• D. Communicative approaches

Answer: (A)

This item tests guiding learners to recognize how a model text is organized and then imitate that structure in their own writing. In product-oriented approaches, the focus is on the final text as the target. Teachers use model or authentic texts to show common patterns, such as headings, paragraph structure, sequence of ideas, and genre-specific features. Learners study these exemplars to notice the layout and organizational cues, then practice producing texts that mirror those structures. The idea is that by seeing and replicating the successful architecture of a text, students become more proficient at producing similarly organized writing.

If we contrast with other approaches, process-based instruction emphasizes the steps of writing—planning, drafting, revising—more than modeling a fixed structure to copy. Content-based approaches center on teaching language through subject matter, and communicative approaches focus on meaningful interaction and real-world use rather than pattern replication.