Which teaching approach is characterized by explicit grammar rules and translation exercises?

• A. Grammar translation
• B. Form-focused instruction
• C. Grammar-focused
• D. Task-based learning

Answer: (A)

This item tests which teaching approach emphasizes explicit grammar rules and translation exercises. The grammar translation method fits this description precisely: students study grammar rules directly and practice applying them by translating sentences and passages between the target language and the native language. Classroom activities typically center on memorizing grammar forms, doing parsing exercises, and translating texts, with a strong focus on reading and writing accuracy rather than on spontaneous speaking or listening.

Other approaches don’t center on this combination. Form-focused instruction may address linguistic forms but usually within meaningful tasks rather than explicit rule memorization and translation drills. Task-based learning prioritizes real-world communication and completing meaningful tasks, with grammar coming in only as needed to carry out those tasks. Gravity toward translation and explicit rules is what defines the grammar translation method.