Which term on the list refers to the ability to produce extended written and spoken texts, such as conversations?

• A. Discourse management
• B. Action research
• C. Achievement test
• D. Dictogloss

Answer: (A)

Discourse management is about handling extended communication, spanning longer spoken or written output such as conversations. It involves planning and organizing ideas so the discourse flows coherently across multiple turns or paragraphs, maintaining topic development, using appropriate connectors, and managing turn-taking and interaction. These skills let a learner sustain and structure extended text or dialogue, not just produce short utterances.

The other terms refer to different ideas. Dictogloss is a classroom activity focused on listening and reconstructing a text, not the general ability to create extended discourse. Action research is a method for investigating and improving practices, not a language production skill. An achievement test measures what has been learned, rather than how well someone can produce extended spoken or written texts.