Which theoretical perspective posits that learning occurs as habits are formed and reinforced with positive feedback?

• A. Behaviourism
• B. Constructivism
• C. Nativism
• D. Sociocultural theory

Answer: (A)

Learning as the formation of habits through reinforcement. Behaviorism sees learning as a change in observable behavior that happens when responses are connected to consequences. When a behavior is followed by a positive outcome—like praise, a reward, or some pleasant result—the chance that the behavior will be repeated increases. With repeated reinforcement, the behavior becomes more automatic, turning into a habit. This is the idea of operant conditioning: positive reinforcement strengthens a response, shaping lasting habits.

Other theories focus on different mechanisms. Constructivism emphasizes learners actively making meaning from experiences and prior knowledge rather than simply being reinforced; nativism highlights innate abilities or structures; sociocultural theory stresses learning through social interaction and cultural tools.